Bugatti Veyron - The Final Edition

The special edition parade of the Bugatti Veyron is coming to a close, or that's what the rumor is. After a long line of ultra special versions of the spectacular supercar, Bugatti seems to have decided to call it a day. Some of the noted editions being, Sang Noir, Pur Sang, Fdg by hermes, Grand Sport, Bleu Centenaire and the four individual Centenaire editions.

The word has been doing the rounds post the unveiling of the Sang Bleu edition of the Grand Sport at Pebble Beach Concours d'Elegance. If it holds true then we just got to see the final special edition in the production cycle of one of the most admired limited production cars of all...

First Drive: 2010 Lincoln MKT

Lincoln's new MKT crossover is based on the Ford Flex, but despite the common platform, there are plenty of differences.

For starters, the MKT boasts curvy styling with a chopped roofline, while the Flex looks like it was dumped straight out of the box it came in. The MKT also offers different suspension tuning than the Flex.

Of course, the two SUVs share plenty of similarities, as well. One of those is the optional EcoBoost engine. This 3.5-liter V6 uses direct-injection and twin turbochargers to make 355 horsepower and 350 lb-ft of torque. The engine is mated to a 6-speed automatic transmission. EcoBoost MKTs all come equipped with...

2009 BMW M3 Overview

• $54,850 - $66,500
• Invoice Price: $50,640 - $61,360
• Market Price: $53,018 - $64,282

Now in its fourth generation, the M3 was first launched in 1986 by M GmbH who took what they learned on the race track to develop a high-performance street car that lives up to its motorsports heritage.

The M3 is powered by a high-revving 4.0-liter V8 engine that produces 414 horsepower. All that power is driven through the rear wheels via two different transmissions, a six-speed manual or a seven-speed double-clutch, and a variable differential lock. High-performance anti-lock brakes with cross-drilled discs work with electronic stability control and M sport suspension to keep things under control.

2009 Chevrolet Corvette Competition Sport Special Edition 2dr Coupe Overview

• $54,815
• Invoice Price: $49,608
• Market Price: $49,697

The Chevrolet Corvette is the best high-performance value in America. The Corvette delivers supercar performance for the price of a midsize luxury sedan.

The Corvette is a two-seat sports car available as a targa-roof coupe, convertible, or the high-performance Z06 and new ZR1 hardtop coupes. The coupe and convertible come with a 430-hp LS3 6.2-liter V8 engine and six-speed manual transmission. An optional dual-mode exhaust increases the horsepower to 436-hp. A six-speed automatic with steering wheel paddle shifters is available. The Z06 comes with a 505-hp LS7 7.0-liter V8 engine, a six-speed manual transmission, sport handling suspension, and bigger wheels and tires. The amazing new ZR1 comes with a supercharged 638-hp LS9 6.2-liter V8, a six-speed manual transmission, Magnetic Selective Ride Control suspension, special carbon fiber components and Brembo ceramic brakes.

For 2009, the Chevrolet Corvette is a carryover except for the all-new ZR1 model.

2009 Ford Shelby GT500 Base 2dr Coupe Overview

• MSRP Price
• $43,125
• Invoice Price: $38,872
• Market Price: $39,145

As a throwback to its 1960's muscle car heritage, Ford has reinvented it's iconic muscle car. This modern rendition features classic cues and aggressive modern styling touches, mixed with a massive dose of horsepower.

Available as a coupe or a convertible, the Shelby possesses an intimidating 500 horsepower, 5.4 liter, V8 engine and comes standard with a 6-speed manual transmission. With only one powertrain combination available, this cars reason for being quickly becomes clear. This car still manages to provide modern amenities such as air-conditioning, a 6-disc CD changer and leather seats for 4 passengers. Safety is addressed with technical features such as 4-wheel Brembo disc brakes, traction control and an assortment of protective airbags.

2009 Mercedes-Benz CLK-Class Base CLK550 2dr Coupe Overview

• $56,800
• Invoice Price: $52,824
• Market Price: $43,489

The Mercedes-Benz CLK-Class is a rare blend of style, luxury and sporty performance. It is available in both coupe and convertible body styles, with a tastefully appointed interior and an impressive array of comfort and safety features.

The rear-wheel drive CLK-Class is comprised of two models: the CLK350 and the CLK550. The CLK350 is outfitted with a 268-hp 3.5-liter V6 engine, while the CLK550 gets a more powerful 382-hp 5.5-liter V8. Both engines are mated to a seven-speed automatic transmission with TouchShift manual shift control, and CLK550 models feature steering-wheel mounted shift paddles (optional on the CLK350). The CLK350 is equipped with 17-inch alloy wheels, leather upholstery and automatic climate control, while CLK550 models add a sport suspension, rear lip spoiler and 18-inch alloy wheels with performance tires. Standard safety features on all CLK-Class models include anti-lock disc brakes with brake assist, stability and traction control systems, front side-impact airbags, overhead curtain airbags for front and rear passengers (coupes only) and active anti-whiplash front head restraints.

For 2009, the Mercedes-Benz CLK-Class carries over with minimal changes to standard equipment and available options. Heated front seats and a glovebox-mounted 6-disc CD changer with MP3 capability are now standard on all models.

New Infiniti G37

Infiniti G37

Price Range: $33,250 - $43,900

Body Style: Sedan, coupe, conv

Sum Up: Budget BMW 3 series. And it works.

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3,696 cc 3.7 liters V 6 front engine with 95.5 mm bore, 86.0 mm stroke, 11.0 compression ratio, double overhead cam, variable valve timing/camshaft and four valves per cylinder VQ37VHR

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Premium unleaded fuel 91

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Multi-point injection fuel system

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20.0 gallon main premium unleaded fuel tank 16.7

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Power: 245 kW , 328 HP SAE @ 7,000 rpm; 269 ft lb , 365 Nm @ 5,200 rpm

New Lexus HS250h

Lexus HS250h Suggested Price: $34,200 Body Style: Sedan Performance & Efficiency: 2,357 cc 2.4 liters in-line 4 front engine with 88.4 mm bore, 96.0 mm stroke, 12.5 compression ratio, double overhead... - 2,357 cc 2.4 liters in-line 4 front engine with 88.4 mm bore, 96.0 mm stroke, 12.5 compression ratio, double overhead cam, variable valve timing/camshaft and four valves per cylinder 2AZ-FXE - Electric fuel with additional unleaded - Multi-point injection fuel system - 14.5 gallon main unleaded fuel tank 12.1 - Power: 139 kW , 187 HP SAE @ 6,000 rpm; 187 ft lb , 254 Nm @ 4,400 rpm 140 and 105 - Secondary power: maximum power (kw): 110, maximum power (hp): 147, maximum torque (ft lb): 138 and maximum torque (nm): 187

New Infiniti M35

Price Range: $45,800 - $47,950

Body Style: Sedan

Sum Up: Detail changes, all for the good.

Motor Trend Rating:

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3,498 cc 3.5 liters V 6 front engine with 95.5 mm bore, 81.4 mm stroke, 10.3 compression ratio, double overhead cam, variable valve timing/camshaft and four valves per cylinder VQ35

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Premium unleaded fuel 91

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Fuel economy EPA highway (mpg): 25 and EPA city (mpg): 18

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Multi-point injection fuel system

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20.1 gallon main premium unleaded fuel tank

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Power: 209 kW , 280 HP SAE @ 6,200 rpm; 270 ft lb , 366 Nm @ 4,800 rpm

New Infiniti M45

Price Range: $52,150 - $54,650

Body Style: Sedan

Sum Up: Detail changes, all for the good.

Motor Trend Rating:

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4,494 cc 4.5 liters V 8 front engine with 93 mm bore, 82.7 mm stroke, 10.5 compression ratio, double overhead cam, variable valve timing/camshaft and four valves per cylinder

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Premium unleaded fuel

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Fuel economy EPA highway (mpg): 23 and EPA city (mpg): 17

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Multi-point injection fuel system

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21.1 gallon main premium unleaded fuel tank

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Power: 254 kW , 340 HP SAE @ 6,400 rpm; 333 ft lb , 451 Nm @ 4,000 rpm

New Lexus SC430

Price Range: $66,805 - $67,505

Body Style: Convertible

Sum Up: another not-quite SL.

Motor Trend Rating:

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4,293 cc 4.3 liters 8 V front engine with 91 mm bore, 82.5 mm stroke, 10.5 compression ratio, double overhead cam, variable valve timing/camshaft and four valves per cylinder

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Premium unleaded fuel

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Fuel economy EPA highway (l/100km): 10.2

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Multi-point injection fuel system

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Main 75 liter premium unleaded fuel tank

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Power: SAE and 224 kW , 300 HP @ 5,600 rpm; 325 ft lb , 441 Nm @ 3,400 rpm

Ford Lincoln Town Car

The Town Car remains one of the best selling American luxury cars in spite of declining sales. It is America's most used limousine and chauffeured car. While relatively affordable when compared to European flagship luxury sedans, the Town Car is currently the most expensive American luxury sedan (according to base MSRP) with prices ranging from $45,815 for a basic Signature Series to $54,140 for a top-of-the-line Signature L Series. The Town Car has been available featuring ballistic protection since 2003 with prices starting at $144,995

Lamborghini Gallardo LP560-4 Coupe

Lamborghini Gallardo LP560-4 Coupe. 5.2-Liter, 90 Degree V10, VVT 40-Valve, DOHC, SEFI Engine; Mid/Longitudinal Mounted With Horsepower Of 560@8000 and Torque Of 398@6500, Alloy Block and Alloy Cylinder Heads Independent Double Wishbone Rear Suspension With Coil Springs and Koni(R) Shock Absorbers.Dual Body Color Power Folding Power Adjustable Heated Exterior Rearview Mirrors. Alloy Wheels, Front 19-In. X 8.5-In. and Rear 19-In. X 11-In.

Tesla Roadster Convertible

Tesla Roadster Convertible. Vehicle Anti-Theft Via Alarm and Engine Immobilizer Front Power 300-mm Ventilated Disc and Rear Power 310-mm Ventilated Disc Brakes. iPod(R) Auxiliary Audio Input Jack Includes Portable Audio Connectivity and Charging. Blaupunkt AM/FM Radio With 4 Speakers Total; CD Player; MP3 Player. Manual Air Conditioning. Trip Computer With Average Speed, Average Power Consumption, Miles To Empty and Instantaneous Power Consumption . Battery Gauge. Service Interval Indicator. Interior Temperature Gauge. Tire Pressure Monitor.

Ferrari Enzo

At the Paris Motor Show in September 2002, Ferrari introduced its latest exotic sports car. Named the Enzo in honor of the company's founder, the dramatic coupe contains a 660-horsepower V-12 engine, with technology adapted from Formula One racing. Only 399 models will be built, and every one of them is already spoken for. The Enzo will cost $670,000.

McLaren F1

The car features numerous proprietary designs and technologies. It is lighter and has a more streamlined structure than even most of its modern rivals and competitors despite having one seat more than most similar sports cars, with the driver's seat located in the middle. It features a powerful engine and is somewhat track oriented, but not to the degree that it compromises everyday usability and comfort.

Posted by Imran Zafar at 3:37 AM

Mongoose CX Motocross - Electric Bike

Though we could find no mention it on their own website, Mongoose have certainly joined the electric vehicle movement with their new CX Motocross. (Curries tehnologies seem to have provided much of the electrical savvy.) For $339 USD you can leap aboard a steel steed that has 24V 450W electric motor under the saddle. Your urban pony will not carry you across the width of the country, (unless you live in Liechtenstein !) but it will transport you within a range of about 18-25 miles (29-40 km) at a speed of around 15 mph (24 kph). At 80 lbs (36 kg) it is not too gruesomely heavy to pedal home should you run out of charge. Front disc brakes on 20” wheels with front suspended forks sound more interesting than a plug-and-play sealed lead acid battery (SLA), that is until you start going uphill and want to tap into some of that electrical grunt. Thanks to Summer Rayne Oakes for the tip. Available from Electric Transport.

The Toyota FCHV: The future of the Hybrid Electric Vehicle

Toyota's Hybrid Synergy Drive, the backbone of Toyota's hybrid powertrain, was a significant component in the development of the Toyota FCHV, or Toyota Fuel-Cell Hydrogen Vehicle.

Built upon the Highlander platform, which will include a Highlander hybrid later this summer, the Toyota FCHV was developed utilizing technologies honed by the Prius "to precisely regulate power flow from the fuel-cell stack and battery to achieve high efficiency, excellent acceleration and a smooth quiet ride," according to Toyota

According to Toyota, "Although discussion of hybrids often center around the unison of gasoline or diesel-powered engines and electric motors, Toyota's stance is that fuel cells will eventually replace internal combustion engines in this arrangement to create fuel cell hybrid vehicles, or FCHVs."

Currently, the FCHV has a top speed of 96 mph. An aluminum roof, fenders and other components, make the body shell of the Highlander FCHV lighter than a conventional hybrid. The FCHV is one of the world's most aerodynamic SUVs, according to Toyota, thanks to its flat, well-sealed underbody.

Not only has the Toyota FCHV been certified by CARB as a zero-emissions vehicle, its environment-friendly air conditioning system uses CO2 rather than CFC as a coolant.

At this time; however, the real problem with fuel cells is simply cost. Therefore, hybrids, particularly those that are full hybrids, i.e. - more reliant upon electric power - can gradually integrate the components necessary for fuel cell automobiles into their platforms.

Gas-electric hybrids, such as the Toyota Highlander hybrid, Lexus RX400h hybrid, or Ford Escape hybrid, are just the first stage in the evolution of the hybrid vehicle.

MAZDA RX-8 HYDROGEN ROTARY ENGINE: A SPORTS CAR (AND ENGINE) LIKE NO OTHER

DETROIT – With a cat-like predatory stance, forward-thinking freestyle door system and enough room for four, not two, adults to enjoy all its benefits, the Mazda RX-8 has set itself apart from the pack. But if the recently introduced RX-8 production sports car truly is unique thanks, in large part, to its rotary engine, the RX-8 Hydrogen Rotary Engine (RE) concept, showcased this year at the North American International Auto Show (NAIAS), takes "unique" to all new levels.

Featuring a fuel system that consists of a high-pressure hydrogen tank, the vehicle balances the needs of the driving enthusiast and the environmentalist with a blend of alternative power and the exhilarating driving experience for which Mazda is known.

As the auto industry turns its attention to hydrogen fuel as a gasoline alternative, the RX-8 Hydrogen RE offers a hydrogen-powered version of RENESIS—Mazda’s next generation rotary engine that was introduced last year in the all-new RX-8. By virtue of its smooth performance, compact size and impressive driving characteristics, RENESIS was named International Engine of the Year in June 2003.

The RENESIS Hydrogen RE allows the RX-8 concept to run on either hydrogen fuel or gasoline and capitalizes on all the advantages of the rotary to assure RX-8’s ease-of-operation and reliability.

The RENESIS Hydrogen RE incorporates an electronically controlled hydrogen injector system, with the hydrogen injected in a gaseous state. The system draws air from the side port during the intake cycle and uses dual hydrogen injectors in each of the engine’s twin rotor housings to directly inject hydrogen into the intake chambers.

Because it offers separate chambers for intake and combustion, the rotary engine is ideal for burning hydrogen without the backfiring that can occur in a traditional piston engine. The separate induction chamber also provides a safer temperature for fitting the dual hydrogen injectors with their rubber seals, which are susceptible to the high temperatures encountered in a conventional reciprocating piston engine.

Also helping to maximize the benefits of the rotary engine in hydrogen combustion mode, the RENESIS Hydrogen RE features adequate space for the installation of two injectors per intake chamber. Because hydrogen has an extremely low density, a much greater injection volume is required compared with gasoline, thus demanding the use of more than one injector. Typically, this can be difficult to achieve with a conventional reciprocating piston engine because of the structural constraints that prevent mounting injectors in the combustion chamber. However, with its twin hydrogen injectors, the RENESIS Hydrogen RE is both practical and able to deliver sufficient power.

In addition to the revolutionary hydrogen-powered RENESIS rotary engine, the Mazda RX-8 Hydrogen RE concept benefits from improved aerodynamics and optimized tires and weight-saving measures. A fast-fill tandem master cylinder reduces brake drag and friction hub carriers help cut power losses.

The vehicle also incorporates a host of other technologies for exceptional environmental compatibility. Three-layer, wet-on water-based paint on the RX-8 Hydrogen RE dramatically reduces the emission of organic solvents, saves energy by shortening the drying process and reduces carbon dioxide emissions. Moreover, the plant-based plastics used for the vehicle’s interior parts provide an attractive alternative to plastics derived from fossil fuels such as petroleum.

The Mazda RX-8 Hydrogen RE illustrates Mazda’s dedication to the future environment without abandoning true Zoom-Zoom and soul-of-a-sports-car thinking.

Hyundai i-Blue Fuel-Cell Vehicle Gets Serious About Hydrogen

Korean automaker Hyundai is no stranger to zero emission fuel cell technology. Hyundai initially demonstrated fuel cell capability to the world by packaging FCEV (Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle) technology in the Santa Fe SUV back in 2000. Five years of development led to a second generation FCEV based on the Tucson platform in 2006, with power increased to 80 kW and lithium-polymer batteries added. This automaker’s fuel cell expertise has also been demonstrated at a mass transit level with fuel cell powered buses.

While utilizing the Santa Fe and Tucson did work well to forward the company’s fuel cell development program, packaging fuel cell technology into existing vehicle platforms has limitations that require engineers to accept compromises that can get in the way of optimum powertrain design. Recently, Hyundai moved beyond this with its introduction of an all-new, purpose-built FCEV concept that’s nothing less than stunning. The new Hyundai i-Blue was designed from the start to integrate the latest third generation fuel cell technology. According to Dr. Hyun-Soon Lee, Hyundai’s president of Research and Development, the i-Blue makes a tremendous leap forward for the automaker’s R&D program, with the company’s engineering team successfully designing a more compact fuel cell vehicle while retaining the safety, comfort, convenience, and driving range of a traditional internal combustion vehicle.

The i-Blue is a small “D” segment car, which Hyundai describes as a 2+2 crossover platform. Much more compact than the existing FCEV SUVs, i-Blue required significant engineering advancements. Downsizing requirements are addressed by the third generation fuel cell technology that enables placing the new and compact 100 kW fuel cell stack beneath the floor of the cabin, rather than in the engine compartment. Placement of the fuel cell and battery mass low and in the middle of the vehicle delivers an optimum 50-50 weight distribution and a low center of gravity for optimum handling dynamics.

This location frees up space in the engine compartment for greater cooling efficiencies and also allows a more cab-forward design for improved interior room. Hydrogen storage is handled by a pair of 10,000 psi tanks nestled in the frame kick-up behind the main passenger area. The hydrogen stored on-board allows a projected range of about 370 miles before refueling. Impressive, too, is the i-Blue’s estimated top speed of better than 100 mph.

Development of the i-Blue concept was handled at Hyundai’s Design and Technical Center in Chiba, Japan. Work on the third generation fuel cell technology is ongoing at the Hyundai
Eco-Technology Research Institute in Mabuk, Korea.

Visually, i-blue has a very sleek and sculpted form. According to Hyundai, the design team considered the Ying and Yang philosophy of TaeKuk, which balances opposite forces to create something new. In this case, two distinct shapes – the square and the circle – were melded to create the rhombus form of the main structure. The design is well suited for interior comfort while being aerodynamically efficient and very pleasing to the eye. As a crossover, i-Blue draws design cues from several different platforms. Evident are elements of SUV, minivan, and sporty compact car design. The leading edge clearly offers the look of the recent Hyundai Genesis concept car.

On the inside, i-Blue delivers a very high-tech cabin that’s intended to feel organic and natural. The design aims at providing a sort of jet fighter cockpit feel rather than the feel of a traditional automobile. That cockpit theme is further enhanced by the large windshield with an expanse of glass that carries well into the vehicle’s roofline above the front seat passengers. The driver sits in a deeply contoured bucket seat and is surrounded by a wraparound form that flows from the main instrument display.

The i-Blue has an aircraft inspired control yoke with touch-scroll pads so a driver can control various audio-visual systems while maintaining a hands-on-the-wheel position. Other interior innovations include a 3D heads up display (HUD) and a full surround camera system that displays exterior images on the dash for greater driver awareness. Rear seat passengers are treated to a wide and spacious cabin with seats that appear to draw their form from comfy video gaming chairs.

While not yet a drivable concept, i-Blue is a significant step in Hyundai’s fuel cell program. The company has ongoing fuel cell verification programs around the world and has been a member of the California Fuel Cell Partnership since 2000. In 2004, Hyundai partnered with Chevron and UTC to put a 32 vehicle fuel cell demonstration fleet on the road to promote FCEV technology and public acceptance. Hyundai has ambitious goals of mass production of fuel cell vehicles in the coming decade. With a concept like i-Blue, that future seems a little closer.

Flexing Ford Mustang Muscle with an E85 Performance Car

These days, alternative fuels are getting a boost in more places than just the environmental arena. The reason is simple: We're far too dependent on imported oil, and in the minds of many, that's becoming an increasingly urgent energy-security concern. Add in all the obvious reasons why petroleum alternatives just make sense - from emissions reductions and decreased greenhouse gases to a strategic change in buying habits that finds us spending more on fuel at home than abroad - and it's easy to see why there's so much interest out there.

The effort to bring renewable fuels into the mainstream is taking many forms. One of the most high profile is their inclusion in motorsports. Last year, IndyCar racing made its move to ethanol fuel. Now, General Motors has proposed that NASCAR do the same. With the millions of fans watching these high-profile race venues exposed to the obvious and transparent use of renewable fuels, a growing use by auto enthusiasts is a certainty.

One performance-oriented driver who has taken the leap is North Carolina resident Steve Shrader, a Mustang enthusiast who prides himself on thinking outside the box. In his quest to do something proactive to embrace an alternative fuel, he found that ethanol is not only renewable, produced in America, and better for the environment, but happily it's also 105 octane. Being a self-professed performance buff interested in getting a few more horsepower out of anything with an engine, Steve decided to explore whether ethanol was a viable option for his '99 Mustang. The result is his "Brightmare"-project car.

"Cars after the late 1980s were built to withstand some amount of ethanol content in the fuel lines," says Shrader, "and ethanol can be used in an internal-combustion engine with some modifications to the computer. I also knew that an increased fuel volume of 20 percent to 40 percent more would be required for a performance machine such as mine." He upgraded to larger fuel injectors and fuel pumps after crunching numbers for injector size and fuel pumps, with the aim of keeping as many factory parts in the car as possible.

With no fuel sensor like a factory-produced FFV, he had to improvise. He uses a tool made by SCT that allows him to re-tune the car for gasoline and either summer E85 or winter E85, since the blends change by season. After nearly a year of driving his Vortech supercharged, E85 flexible-fuel Mustang, Sharder reports no negative effects, an engine that runs better than ever, and fuel lines free of corrosion. The car is also running 11.20s in the quarter-mile at 124 mph on ethanol fuel.
Converting to E85 is great for shaving off tenths of seconds when trips are measured in quarter-mile lengths, but how about vehicles used on the road? Those modifying cars for track duty are probably not concerned with passing smog tests or voiding vehicle warranties.

The ultimate electric car that can outpace a Ferrari

"Electric power has truly arrived in the performance market."
For drivers who want to be green but not boring, the new electric Lightning supercar could prove the ultimate eco-friendly boys' toy.

This emission free 130mph sports car - which has a hint of Jaguar, Aston Martin and TVR styling - can outpace a Porsche 911 or a Ferrari 575 - sprinting from rest to 60mph in under four seconds.

And though it will cost you a tingling £150,000, it is simply powered by 30 rechargeable batteries and doesn't use an ounce of fossil fuel.

The British-built two-seater 'Lightning' is fitted with four wheel-mounted motors that combine to power the car to 60 mph in under four seconds.

It develops 700 brake-horse-power - equivalent to about seven Ford fiestas.

The batteries have a range of 250 miles, take just 10 minutes to fully charge from home or on the road - thanks to 12ft cable which you simply plug into a socket.

The rechargeable nine inch high batteries - a sophisticated version of those used on the traditional milk float - form a system that the makers say will last 12 years.

The car's super-clean credentials mean it is exempt from road tax and London congestion charges.

Its designers claim the emission-free car could cost up to £10,000 less per year to run than a high-powered Audi RS4.

And the interior even comes complete with its own optional sat nav system and a dock to plug in your iPod.

A Ferrari 575 Maranello, which costs £150,000 , will reach 60mph in 4.1 seconds - the same time as a Porsche 911 Turbo S which sells for £100,000 pounds.

The Lightning, which is expected to be track tested later this year, began life as a petrol-driven vehicle so developers could come up with a suitable chassis.

Designers at the Peterborough-based Lightning Car Company eventually settled on an aluminium honeycomb and a structure drawn from Formula One technology.

The car is powered by four electric motors mounted in each of the hubs of the 20 inch wheels.

All four motors are revolutionary 'Hi-Pa Drive' units developed by UK firm PML Flightlink Ltd.

Because there are no gears - or even a gear-stick - the electric power is instantaneous, allowing the phenomenal acceleration.

The energy-efficient motors produce huge levels of torque - or 'pulling power' - but are still lightweight enough for a performance sports car.

The Lightning will also feature an advanced 'regenerative energy system', where the car's batteries are recharged by lost friction energy captured when the ant-lock brakes are applied.

Similar technology will be adopted into Formula One from 2008 when so-called kinetic energy recovery systems (KERS) become mandatory.

The car also has traction control to stop skidding, electric doors and windows, and high-powered halogen headlamps.

Inside, the driver will be swathed in an all-leather or leather and alcantara interior. There's also a two piece removeable hard top.

Lightning Car Company technical director Arthur Wolstenholme said: "Ten, or perhaps even five years ago, electric power was dismissed as a poor substitute for petrol, diesel or liquid petroleum gas (LPG). But the world has now moved on significantly.

"Electric motor and battery technologies have been developed that will enable the Lightning to demonstrate 700 bhp performance over a range that exceeds some of today's petrol performance cars.'

He said:"The Lightning is intended to compete with premium market sport cars, but our electric power should outstrip the response rates, torque characteristics and driveability of most exotic performance super cars.

"Electric power has truly arrived in the performance market."

How Hydrogen Fuel Cells Work

What do batteries and fuel cells have in common? They are both electrochemical energy conversion devices that produce electricity. Also, they both have anodes, cathodes, and an electrolyte. There are also big differences. Batteries produce electricity until completely discharged, then they have to be replaced or recharged. A fuel cell continues to produce electricity as long as it is supplied with fuel and oxygen. In the typical fuel cell used in transportation, that’s hydrogen and air. A battery produces essentially no emissions and little heat, while a hydrogen fuel cell emits water and more heat.

While there are several different types of fuel cells, they all work on the same basic principle. The proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell will be discussed here. With rare exception, this is the technology being developed for use in cars, trucks, and buses. PEM fuel cells appear to be the most promising for vehicles because the reactions are about the simplest of any fuel cell design. They also have a high kilowatts-per-cubic-inch power density. Their relatively low operating temperature of 140 to 176 degrees F means they start to produce electricity quickly and don’t require expensive cooling systems.

In a PEM fuel cell, pressurized hydrogen gas enters on the anode side and is forced through the catalyst. Here, H2 molecules come in contact with catalyst, splitting it into two H+ ions (protons).and two electrons. The proton exchange membrane and electrolyte let positively charged proton through and block negatively charged electrons.

Electrons are conducted through the anode and travel through the external circuit as DC (direct current) electric power, which can useful for purposes such as powering an electric motor, and then they reach the cathode. Here they combine on the cathode’s catalyst with the proton coming through the membrane and with oxygen gas, or air, forced through the catalyst, where they form two oxygen atoms with a strong negative charge. This negative charge attracts the two H+ ions, which combine with an oxygen atom and two of the electrons to form a water molecule.

The proton exchange membrane is a specially treated material that looks somewhat like ordinary kitchen plastic wrap. The membrane must be hydrated to transfer protons and remain stable. Thus, fuel cell systems must be designed to operate in sub-zero temperatures, low humidity environments, and high operating temperatures. At about 70 degrees F, hydration is lost without a high-pressure hydration system.

Catalysts play the crucial role of separating hydrogen into ions and protons at the anode and combining them, plus water, at the cathode. Typically these use a platinum group metal or alloy with platinum nanoparticles very thinly coated onto carbon paper or cloth. The catalyst is rough and porous to expose maximum surface area to the hydrogen or oxygen. The platinum-coated side of the catalyst faces the membrane.

Precious metal catalysts plus proton exchange membranes, gas diffusion layers, and bipolar plates make up about 70 percent of a current fuel cell’s cost. Because of this, plus the rarity of precious metals and competition from other uses such as catalytic converters, some critics say platinum is the PEM fuel cell’s Achilles heel. Research is under way to solve this potential impediment. For example, researchers are looking at ways to use less of the precious metals and to find alternatives. Recycling platinum, especially from catalytic converters, is already common practice. More abundant gold, reduced to nanometer size, could be used as a catalyst as well. Enhancing a catalyst with carbon silk can also reduce the amount of precious metals required.

Another problem with PEM fuel cells is that impurities can poison the catalysts, resulting in reduced efficiency and activity so more dense catalysts are required and more platinum is used. Again, research is underway to solve the problem with various promising techniques being explored, like using a gold-palladium coating that may be less susceptible to poisoning.

Since a single fuel cell produces only about 0.7 volts, many separate fuel cells are combined to form a fuel cell stack. They can be connected in a parallel circuit for higher current and in series for higher voltage.

Fuel cells are very efficient. If supplied with pure hydrogen they can convert 80 percent of the hydrogen’s energy content to electric power. If the electricity is used by an electric motor and inverter in a fuel cell vehicle – which are about 80 percent efficient – the overall efficiency is 64 percent. This compares to the approximate 20 percent energy conversion efficiency of the typical gasoline-fueled vehicle, providing yet another reason why fuel cell vehicles hold such promise for the future.

General Motors Unveils Opel Flextreme Diesel-Electric Hybrid

General Motors is aggressively rolling out variations on its E-Flex theme. In January, General Motors rocked the automotive world with the radical Volt concept car at the North American International Auto Show in Detroit. In April at the Shanghai Motor Show, GM showed a fuel cell-charged version of the Volt. Now, the General has provided an encore at the recent Frankfort Auto Show by showing a variant adapted to the European market. Here, the gasoline engine used to regenerate the U.S. Volt's battery pack was replaced with a thrifty 1.3-liter turbo diesel engine.

E-Flex architecture uses electric drive to propel a vehicle with the ability to plug into the grid to recharge its batteries, plus a flexible choice of ways to provide electricity once away from the outlet. It's a plug-in, but rather than combining an internal combustion powertrain and electric drive to move a vehicle as traditional gas-electric hybrids do, E-Flex is driven strictly by electricity. The internal combustion engine — whether fueled by gasoline, E85 ethanol, or diesel — is used exclusively to power a generator that produces electricity for electric drive. Because of this the engine can be considerably smaller than would be needed otherwise and also run at a more efficient constant speed.

Clean diesel is well established and accepted in Europe, so it makes perfect sense for General Motors to use its European Opel brand to further illustrate the adaptability of the E-Flex architecture by incorporating a diesel-electric hybrid. In this application, the electric propulsion system delivers 120 kW of peak output and 322 Nm of peak torque. Opel's 1.3-liter CDTI turbo diesel is employed only when needed to recharge the lithium-ion battery pack to power the electric motor. This advanced technology diesel uses a pressure-based closed loop technology in the cylinders to control the combustion process. Utilizing the European ECE R101 test procedure for range extender vehicles, the Flextreme is expected to emit less than 40 grams of CO2 per kilometer.

On shorter trips, the Flextreme is able to operate as a zero-emissions vehicle traveling up to 55 kilometers, or 34 miles, before the battery relies on the diesel for recharge. That range is sufficient for many commuters' daily round trip and certainly enough for local errands without the need for internal combustion. Plugging in takes just three hours to fully charge the battery at 220 volts.

Boomerang-shaped headlamps are a signature design element. Each high-tech headlamp unit incorporates crossbeams, fog lamps, and brake cooling intake ducts. The sole engine cooling inlet is a narrow horizontal grille area below the nose. Using a small and highly-efficient diesel running at a low rpm range minimized the need for frontal radiator area.

The Flextreme delivers a very aggressive stance. Hunkered down on 195/45R21 low-profile tires mounted on huge 21-inch five spoke alloy wheels, the Opel appears assertive and confident. Sizeable wheel arches and a pronounced shoulder line over the rear wheels give Flextreme a muscular look.

Flextreme's transformer-like door configuration is quite dramatic. Side doors open to allow unobstructed access to the interior thanks to a rear hinged rear door and noticeably absent center door post. Rear cargo access is even more extreme. The rear hatch is split and opens in a gull-wing fashion to each side. This design allows rear cargo access when the vehicle is parked bumper-to-bumper with another car or other obstruction. With all six doors open, Flextreme looks as though it's ready for liftoff.

Below the rear cargo floor is an innovative underfloor luggage compartment that holds a pair of Segway Personal Transporters. The below-deck Segway "garage" is part of Flexload, a structure that provides versatile cargo handling. Loading and unloading the Segways or other cargo is a snap thanks to a platform that extends and retracts electrically.

pel utilized honeycomb structures for their lightweight and high rigidity throughout Flextreme's interior. The seats are secured on a mono track for improved floor space. Complementing the large expanse of glass above, Opel designers added a full-width panoramic widescreen display to the dashboard just below the base of the windshield. Display fields are configurable and allow the driver to view images from the two side cameras and front- and rear-facing cameras, in addition to the vehicle information screens.

Another display in the center console offers touch-screen operation and can be programmed with one-touch buttons for presets or multifunction tasks like computer shortcuts. The driving experience is designed to be futuristic in many respects. Below the center touch-screen display is another touch screen for gear selection. Drive, reverse, and park are initiated by touching the corresponding area of the screen.

General Motors is delivering on the electric drive promise made when the E-Flex platform was initially announced in Detroit. The trio of concepts shown thus far certainly show great potential. Let's hope they can keep the momentum and technology moving forward toward production.

Plug-In Electric Motorcycle by Brammo Motorsports

Those who lean toward two wheels rather than four will be interested in this: A stylish, cutting-edge electric motorcycle that will be brought to market by its Oregon manufacturer in early 2008.

Brammo Motorsports’ electric motorcycle features a permanent magnet DC pancake motor with energy supplied by six Valence lithium-phosphate batteries in a 3.1 kilowatt-hour battery pack. It has a top speed of over 50 mph, range of 45 miles, and requires three hours to fully recharge. With 100 percent torque available from start, the Enertia can accelerate from 0 to 30 mph in a snappy 3.8 seconds.

The design’s heaviest components –the batteries – are cradled in the monocoque frame, down the spine of the chassis. Also, the motor sits as low as possible and directly in line with the rider’s vertical centerline. The Enertia’s motor output shaft drives the rear wheel directly through the chain to minimize noise and maximize efficiency without much of the mechanical losses inherent with gearboxes. The rear suspension swing arm, made from high strength steel tubing, directly actuates the adjustable air shock. A USB port allows the rider to download the company’s Momentum software for customizing performance – beginner, maximum range, ultimate performance, etc.

Brammo notes that the Valence Saphion battery technology is the safest available for motorcycles because the cathodes use phosphates, which are extremely stable under overcharge or short circuit conditions and can withstand high temperatures without decomposing. When abuse does occur, phosphates are not prone to thermal runaway and will not burn. The Saphion technology does not contain any heavy metals and also does not exhibit the memory effect of nickel-cadmium batteries. It also has excellent shelf life, long cycle life, and is maintenance free.

A battery management system monitors current delivered by the batteries to the controller, as well as the state of charge of each cell to keep the six modules in balance. This system also controls the charging cycle to ensure each battery module gets just the right charge for a fully charged, balanced battery pack.

THE PODS HAVE LANDED

Sci-fi aficionados always feel right at home at the Tokyo Motor Show. Pod shaped bubble cars aren't a new idea because they maximize space and Tokyo was flush with them.

Honda showed the funky Puyo concept that pushes the pod design way out there. The bubble top gull-wing door design is unique in many respects, with no feature on this car more bizarre than its soft gel-like rubber body panels that are kinder to the touch. The material incorporates a special light technology that glows in changing colors to alert pedestrians of Puyo's running condition.

The Suzuki Sharing Coach (SSC) is a two-seat fuel cell powered transporter that utilizes front wheel mounted motors and a battery that can regenerate through roof and window solar panels. The Sharing Coach is a mobile garage for the Suzuki Pixy personal low-speed mobility device. The egg-shaped Pixy incorporates a fast charging capacitor and collision sensors for added safety.

Perhaps the most bizarre concept in Tokyo was Toyota's RiN, a mood

ring on wheels. RiN takes driver-vehicle interaction to new levels to promote a healthier lifestyle. The steering yoke, for example, is fitted with an electrocardiogram sensor intended to "mood-train" the driver through bio-feedback. Many other calming effects are employed so that you arrive healthier than when you left.

The somewhat more conventional Toyota Hi-CT is a plug-in hybrid that seats five with an outward form reminiscent of a diesel locomotive or cabover heavy truck. A rear truck box can be removed to reveal a functional rear deck area that can expand into the rear seat area when the rear hatch is open.




Not to be left out, Nissan took the Pivo rotating cab concept, first shown in 2005, another step with the Pivo2. The electric Pivo2 features multi-directional in-wheel motors and a lithium-ion battery pack for propulsion. A dash mounted cartoon-like robot head moves to entertain occupants and hopefully help road-rage drivers calm down. You certainly can't take the concept too seriously, although its electric drive system is no doubt the real deal.